Abstract
Purpose: Peripheral vascular abnormalities contribute to compromised functional status in heart failure (HF) patients. The purpose of the present study was to test whether the intervention of moderate-intensity, resistance training could improve peripheral vascular responsiveness, that is, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in HF.
Methods: Baseline brachial artery FMD analysis (2 minutes of cuff occlusion and 5 minutes of reperfusion) was measured in HF patients on intravenous inotropic support (n = 9) awaiting cardiac transplantation. Unilateral, upper-body resistance exercises (moderate intensity, combination of isometric and isotonic exercises at 60%-80% of maximum) were performed 3 d/wk for 4 weeks. Follow-up FMD analysis was conducted after training. Central hemodynamics were defined via right-side-heart catheterization.
Results: At baseline prior to training, HF patients elicited a significant hyperemic response 10 seconds following cuff occlusion (mean increase in blood flow: 194 +/- 44 mL/min, P < .05). Despite this significant hyperemic response, HF patients demonstrated a mild, but paradoxical vasoconstriction of nearly 3% at 1-minute after cuff release. Four weeks of resistance training corrected the paradoxical vasoconstriction observed at baseline and resulted in vasodilatation (a positive increase in brachial artery diameter of 0.04 +/- 0.04 mm, at 1 minute after cuff release; P < .05). Conversely, in a subset of 3 HF patients, studies in the untrained contralateral arm revealed no change in the FMD response.
Conclusion: Moderate-intensity upper-body resistance training improved brachial artery FMD in end-stage HF patients on inotropic support. The reversal of the paradoxical vasoconstrictive response to reactive hyperemia following 4 weeks of training may be secondary to local improvements in vascular endothelial function rather than a quantitative change in the reactive hyperemic stimulus.