Abstract
PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a patient-centered, chronic care self-management support program of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) on emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations within the first 30 days of starting CIC. Secondary research objectives were to compare reuse of catheters, adherence to healthcare provider-instructed frequency of CIC, and reasons for nonadherence.
DESIGN: A correlational survey design with 2 respondent groups.
SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Four hundred forty-five respondents met inclusion criteria for this study; 321 respondents enrolled in an intermittent catheter manufacturer-supported CIC support program, and 124 respondents were not enrolled in a support program (comparison group).
METHODS: Participants completed a 37-item online questionnaire designed for purposes of this study. Chi-square test was used to assess differences in the proportions of patients with ED visits and overnight hospital admissions comparing respondents enrolled in the patient support program to those not enrolled. Regression analyses were performed to estimate the effect of the CIC support program on ED visit events and on hospital overnight stays.
RESULTS: Within the first month of CIC initiation, 16.1% and 10.2% of the respondents in the comparison group reported at least 1 ED visit and at least 1 overnight hospital stay, respectively. Respondents participating in the CIC support program experienced a 47% decrease in ED visits (adjusted rate ratio: 0.53; 95% confidence interval: 0.30-0.94, P = .036) and a 77% decrease (adjusted rate ratio: 0.24; 95% confidence interval: 0.10-0.62, P = .002) in hospital overnight stays within the first month of CIC initiation, while controlling for age, sex, education, duration of CIC use, region, health insurance status, and medical conditions necessitating CIC. Respondents in the CIC support program group reported an 8% higher adherence rate with the healthcare provider-instructed frequency of CIC usage compared to the comparison group (88% vs 80%, P = .039).
CONCLUSIONS: The burden of CIC-related complications within the first month of CIC initiation is significant. A patient-centered, chronic care self-management program for CIC was associated with fewer ED visits and overnight hospital stays during the first month of CIC and improved adherence to prescribed frequency of CIC use.