Keywords

environmental theory, healing traditions, holistic nursing, nursing history, optimal healing environments, sickroom management

 

Authors

  1. Libster, Martha M. PhD, RN

Abstract

The natural elements ether, fire, air, water, and earth foundational to many healing traditions are also present in nursing history. Regulation of these elements can be traced to 19th-century nurses' "sickroom management." Nightingale's Notes on Nursing and Coskery's Advices Concerning the Sick provide examples of holistic application of the elements of care.