Keywords

Breast cancer, Discourse analysis, Oncology, Qualitative, Self-discovered symptom

 

Authors

  1. O'Mahony, Mairin PhD, MSc, BNS, RNT, RM, RGN
  2. Hegarty, Josephine PhD
  3. Rooney, Vivien M. PhD

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer continues to be a major public health problem for women. Early detection and treatment are key to improved outcomes. Whereas most women seek help promptly, some postpone seeking help for self-discovered breast symptoms. Investigation of women's help-seeking behavior and the associated influencing factors on self-discovery of a breast symptom were sought.

 

Objectives: The aim of this article is to report the qualitative data from women who had self-discovered a breast symptom.

 

Methods: Women (n = 167) with a self-discovered breast symptom (who were part of a large quantitative correlational study) commented in an open-ended question on their overall experience. Comments were analyzed using Discourse Analysis.

 

Results: Four linked discourses were identified: (1) "being and remaining normal," (2) "emotion," (3) "becoming and being abnormal," and (4) "rationality." A sidelined discourse of emotion is drawn on to defer taking action based on rational knowledge.

 

Conclusion: The tension between discourses "emotion" and "rationality" further informs our understanding of women's help-seeking behavior following self-discovered symptoms. Findings provide a deeper understanding of the emotional aspects of women's experience around symptom discovery.

 

Implications for Practice: Findings will be of benefit to all healthcare professionals involved in assessment and screening of breast changes suggestive of breast cancer. They provide a novel insight into the meaning of breast cancer, its diagnosis and treatment, and how this impacts women's emotions as they await consultation in a breast clinic.