Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions in the body, including energy metabolism, insulin activity, and glucose utilization. Magnesium deficiency is associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, and an increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. This literature review examines the evidence suggesting that intake of Mg-rich foods or oral supplementation may reduce risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, possibly through improvement of insulin sensitivity. On the basis of the current evidence, routine clinical testing for Mg status in individuals with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or cardiovascular risk factors is highly recommended. Highly Mg-rich diets and, if warranted, Mg supplementation, should be prescribed for these individuals.