Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease that is characterized by loss of alveolar bone; it may also lead to tooth loss. Several studies support the hypothesis that osteopenia and osteoporosis are associated with periodontal disease and tooth loss, particularly among the elderly, but the biological mechanisms are unclear. Nutritional status may affect an individual's susceptibility to and progression of periodontal disease. Calcium and vitamin D have been studied because of their role in the maintenance of healthy bone tissue. Clinical trials are needed to determine whether nutrients can reduce the risk of periodontal disease and tooth loss.