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Diseases & Conditions

Latest updates on sepsis, zika, and other topics disrupting the healthcare industry
By: Lauren Waronker, MSN, CRNP, FNP-C, AGACNP-C Sep 20 2019
Winters' Formula Winters’ formula is used to evaluate respiratory compensation when analyzing acid-based disorders and a metabolic acidosis is present.   PCO2 = (1.5 x HCO3-) + 8 ± 2   Winters’ formula gives an expected value for...
By: Lauren Waronker, MSN, CRNP, FNP-C, AGACNP-C Sep 18 2019
Delta Ratio The delta ratio is a formula that can be used to assess high anion gap metabolic acidosis and to evaluate whether a mixed acid-based disorder is present.   Delta ratio = Delta anion gap/Delta HCO3- = [AG -12] ÷ [24 - HCO3-] The...
By: Lauren Waronker, MSN, CRNP, FNP-C, AGACNP-C Sep 16 2019
Anion Gap Acidosis: How Do I Calculate It? How Do I Interpret It? Calculation: Serum anion gap (AG)= Na+ – (Cl- + HCO3-)The anion gap (AG) is a measure of acid-base balance. Your body maintains balance by holding onto or releasing carbon dioxide through the lungs (acid) or bicarbonate through the kidneys...
By: Lynne Centrella Rudderow, MSN, RN, CRNP, WHNP-BC, CCE Sep 12 2019
Ovarian Cancer...A Silent Killer September is Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month, just like next month will be Breast Cancer Awareness Month. However, unlike breast cancer, there are no screening tests for ovarian cancer and unfortunately, minimal early signs and symptoms. Ovarian...
By: Myrna B. Schnur, MSN, RN Sep 5 2019
Vaping Epidemic: A Public Health Crisis? Vaping has been a focus in recent headlines and the story continues to unfold. As of August 27, 2019, 215 people in 25 states were hospitalized for severe lung disease possibly linked to vaping nicotine or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-containing...
By: Valerie Dziados, MSN, CRNP, ANP-BC, AGACNP-BC  Aug 27 2019
Cardiac Power Output and Index The heart is fundamentally a muscular hydraulic pump that can create pressure as well as flow. It is comprised of a pump (heart) and pipes (arteries) that generate energy. Cardiac output is the flow through this closed circuit that is influenced...
By: Valerie Dziados, MSN, CRNP, ANP-BC, AGACNP-BC Aug 23 2019
Final diagnosis: Syncope or...is it a seizure? Achieving the correct final diagnosis with the presenting symptom of transient loss of consciousness can challenge even the most seasoned clinician. Syncope and epileptic seizures reign high on the list of differential diagnoses, followed by...
By: Lisa Bonsall, MSN, RN CRNP Jul 25 2019
How and Where Did You Get That Antibiotic? In the community clinic where I volunteer, we provide services to the uninsured and underinsured, many of whom are migrant farm workers. They often don’t speak English and the cultural differences are many. I’ve learned much from...
By: Myrna Buiser Schnur, MSN, RN Jul 15 2019
How Are Cancer Cells Different from Normal Cells? Scientists have made great strides in the area of cancer research. We now have a better understanding of how cancer cells transition from normal cells as they “gradually become malignant through a progression of alterations” (Cooper...
By: Lisa Bonsall, MSN, RN, CRNP Jul 11 2019
10 Things Nurses Should Know about Kratom Kratom is one of the newer psychoactive substances derived from natural elements and used for pain relief. It’s an unscheduled opioid receptor agonist, and while banned by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), it is widely available and...
By: Valerie Dziados, MSN, CRNP, ANP-C, AGACNP-C Jun 20 2019
Can You Really Die From a Broken Heart? Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a diagnosis that refers to a clinical syndrome characterized by acute and transient left ventricular dysfunction. The word Takotsubo, which translates to “octopus trap,” refers to the hallmark sign of apical...
By: Myrna Schnur, MSN, RN Jun 18 2019
Meat Allergy from a Tick Bite? Summer is here and many of us are spending more time in the great outdoors. We know the importance of wearing insect repellant not only to protect us from annoying bug bites but more importantly, from contracting diseases that are carried by...
By: Valerie Dziados, MSN, CRNP, ANP-C, AGACNP-C Jun 14 2019
A New Classification System for Cardiogenic Shock The advances in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) over the past five decades, including immediate percutaneous coronary intervention, have been proven to dramatically improve outcomes. Patients suffering from AMI may develop...
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