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Diseases & Conditions

Latest updates on sepsis, zika, and other topics disrupting the healthcare industry
By: Myrna Buiser Schnur, MSN, RN Mar 21 2022
What Does Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Tell Us About the Kidneys? Patients with kidney disease may present with a variety of symptoms or no symptoms at all. Some have renal signs such as gross hematuria or flank pain; others present with edema, hypertension, or uremia; and for many, lab tests will show an...
By: Myrna Buiser Schnur, MSN, RN Mar 11 2022
Calcium Channel Blockers - How Do They Work? Calcium channel blockers (antagonists) are commonly prescribed to treat a variety of cardiovascular disorders. All calcium channel blockers inhibit the L-type calcium channel within cells and are divided into two major categories, either...
By: Jennifer H. Collins , MSN, AGACNP-BC Feb 21 2022
The 4 Components of Source Control in Sepsis Sepsis and septic shock impact millions of patients worldwide (Evans et al., 2021). Sepsis is defined as life threatening end-organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis is the leading cause of death in critically...
By: Myrna Buiser Schnur, MSN, RN Feb 15 2022
Beta Adrenergic Blockers - How Do They Work? Beta adrenergic blockers (ß-blockers) affect the beta receptors of the sympathetic nervous system and are used to treat a multitude of acute and chronic diseases. There are three types of beta receptors: beta-1 (B1) are located in the heart and...
By: Feb 7 2022
What Does Jugular Venous Pressure Tell Us About Volume Status? Estimating jugular venous pressure (JVP) is a noninvasive method for assessing a patient’s volume status. It is used to estimate whether right atrial pressure (RAP) is high or normal and to assess trends in RAP, including response to...
By: Elizabeth Wirth-Tomaszewski, DNP, RN, CRNP, CCRN, ACNP-BC, ACNPC Feb 7 2022
Bruits And Thrills: What Was That? When performing a cardiovascular assessment, auscultation and palpation are used to examine the character of the vasculature. Bruits may be felt over arteries and sometimes thrills are palpated. Why are these significant? Bruits The presence of...
By: Elizabeth Wirth-Tomaszewski, DNP, RN, CRNP, CCRN, ACNP-BC, ACNPC Feb 7 2022
Extra Heart Sounds: Do You Hear What I Hear? When performing a cardiovascular assessment, auscultation of heart tones is an important component of the examination. Each sound has different characteristics, including timing and intensity. Read on to find out more! The Cardiac Cycle The...
By: Feb 7 2022
Heart Murmurs – When, Where, What? During your cardiac assessment, you may appreciate extra heart sounds or heart murmurs when auscultating the chest. In general, murmurs can be differentiated from additional sounds, such as an S3 or S4, because of their longer duration, however...
By: Elizabeth Wirth-Tomaszewski, DNP, RN, CRNP, CCRN, ACNP-BC, ACNPC Feb 7 2022
Pulsus Alternans: Here and Gone When performing a cardiovascular assessment, the rhythm and character of peripheral pulses are observed. While palpating the radial or femoral pulses, one may note that although the rhythm is regular, the strength of the pulse may alternate...
By: Myrna Buiser Schnur, MSN, RN Jan 21 2022
N95 Masks - Know the Basics The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2022) recently clarified their guidance on the use of masks and respirators stating, “while any mask is better than wearing no mask at all, a well-fitted National Institute for...
By: Myrna Buiser Schnur, MSN, RN Jan 13 2022
Alpha Adrenergic Blockers - How Do They Work? Alpha adrenergic blockers, or alpha adrenergic antagonists, affect the alpha receptors of the sympathetic nervous system. There are two types of alpha-adrenergic receptors: alpha-1 and alpha-2. Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors are found in the...
By: Lippincott® NursingCenter®, Wolters Kluwer Jan 7 2022
Crunch and Rub - Am I Hearing that Right? Certain non-pulmonary sounds may be heard during auscultation of the chest. It is important to be familiar with non-pulmonary sounds, such as mediastinal crunch and pleural friction rubs. Mediastinal crunch is caused by pneumomediastinum. This...
By: Lippincott® NursingCenter®, Wolters Kluwer Jan 7 2022
Egophony, Bronchophony, and Whispered Pectoriloquy - Say What? Voice generated sounds can provide important clues about respiratory abnormalities. Normal lungs are filled with air, and air does not transmit sound readily. Normally, transmitted voice sounds are difficult to hear – spoken words are...
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